P.S.1: Please excuse this "semi" off-topic post. Perhaps I am trying to reinvent the wheel... Where I live, there is a great deal of ambiguity regarding the definitions of ERP, CRM, Payment Gateway, Invoice, Billing, OSS, BSS, ACS, and so on. Companies intentionally blur the lines between these "things" as a form of vendor lock-in strategy. This bothers me A LOT! I am looking for one or more open-source options to propose to my small-to-medium-sized ISP network consulting customers, specifically to serve as a RADIUS solution. Furthermore, I want to steer clear of the tempting idea of building a tool in-house. While it often seems like the shortest path, my extensive experience has shown that it almost always ends up being the most convoluted one. The primary use case I have in mind involves providing internet connectivity via BNGs (Broadband Network Gateways) using PPPoE or IPoE, supporting multiple BNG vendors. I am looking for a list of billing tools that: 1. Are open source. 2. Use FreeRADIUS as the RADIUS AAA engine. 3. Are not inseparable monoliths, and instead allow for high availability and scalability within the RADIUS layer. 4. Adhere, at least to some extent, to OSS/BSS concepts and TM Forum standards. P.S. 2: I have genuine doubts as to whether "billing" is the correct term to use, but for lack of anything better, I’ll stick with "billing." I can think of a few tools off the top of my head that partially meet these requirements, but I’d prefer not to name them—I don’t want to steer the discussion toward any specific software. My MAIN goal is to expand the list of available options. -- Douglas Fernando Fischer Engº de Controle e Automação