Hello. I want to use the certificate from Thawte. First of all I tried to use free SSL certificate from Thawte. I received 3 certificates in PEM-format: my Thawte trial SSL certificate, Thawte Trial Secure Server Intermediate CA and Thawte Test CA Root certificate in format: -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- text here -----END CERTIFICATE----- I made .pem files from them with no new line in end of file. The eap.conf is: private_key_password = (is empty because no password in certificates) private_key_file = ${certdir}/trialThawte.pem certificate_file = ${certdir}/trialThawteCA.pem radiusd -X rlm_eap: SSL error error:0906D06C:PEM routines:PEM_read_bio:no start line rlm_eap_tls: Error reading private key file /etc/raddb/certs/trialThawte.pem rlm_eap: Failed to initialize type tls Tried to make .pem by following commands (use server.key, server.csr were inputted to make Thawte certificate; server.crt is received Thawte certificate): openssl pkcs12 -export -in server.crt -inkey server.key -out server.p12 -passin pass:1234 -passout pass:1234 unable to load private key 139734217189032:error:06065064:digital envelope routines:EVP_DecryptFinal_ex:bad decrypt:evp_enc.c:467: 139734217189032:error:0906A065:PEM routines:PEM_do_header:bad decrypt:pem_lib.c:476: openssl pkcs12 -in server.crt -out server.pem -passin pass:12345 -passout pass:12345 140259536533160:error:0D0680A8:asn1 encoding routines:ASN1_CHECK_TLEN:wrong tag:tasn_dec.c:1319: 140259536533160:error:0D07803A:asn1 encoding routines:ASN1_ITEM_EX_D2I:nested asn1 error:tasn_dec.c:381:Type=PKCS12 I confused that: 1. no passwords in received Thawte certificates 2. Root CA and Web Server CA 3. different pem format is used in RADIUS and is received from Thawte What algorithm should be used to make valid to FreeRADIUS pem certificate files from these Thawte certificates? FreeRADIUS Version 2.1.7, for host x86_64-pc-linux-gnu -- Best Regards, Shildyakov Alexey Vladimirovich