I use a Thawte Premium Server CA for my WPA2 Enterprise freeradius authentication certificate currently. My eap.conf 'certificate file' contains the certificate only, not the root and/or intermediates. That seems to be ok, since most clients already have the Thawte Root certificate installed. I renewed the new certificate just recently and discovered that Thawte is no longer issuing certificates under the old root so my clients will likely be asked to trust the new certificate when I install it. All my documentation changes as well but that's another story. My question is, what is the value of adding the roots/intermediates to the certificate file i.e certificate_file = ${certdir}/certificate.crt? Does it really allow a client without the Root already installed to verify this certificate? -Mike